Highly active and recyclable silica gel-supported palladium catalyst for mild cross-coupling reactions of unactivated heteroaryl chlorides

Abstract

Silica gel-supported β-ketoiminatophosphane-Pd complex (Pd@SiO₂) was shown to be a highly active and long-lived catalyst for aqueous Suzuki, Stille and Sonogashira coupling reactions of heteroaryl chlorides. A wide range of heteroaryl chlorides could be efficiently coupled with different nucleophilic partners in the presence of only 0.5 mol% catalyst and under mild conditions. This is one of the most powerful heterogeneous catalysts for the couplings of diverse heteroaryl chlorides. Furthermore, the catalyst could be reused with almost consistent activity.