Issue 9, 2014

Phenolic metabolites and substantial microbiome changes in pig feces by ingesting grape seed proanthocyanidins

Abstract

Proanthocyanidin (PAC) consumption has been linked to better colonic health, but PACs are poorly absorbed, making them a target for colonic metabolism. The resulting metabolites are low molecular weight and could potentially be absorbed. To understand the effects of dietary PACs it would be important to resolve the metabolic issue and link these changes to microbial population changes in a suitable model for human digestion. Here, six crossbred female pigs were fed a diet containing 1% (w/w) of MegaNatural® Gold grape seed extract (GSE) daily for 6 days. Fecal samples were analyzed by normal phase LC coupled to fluorescence detection and LC-MS/ToF. DNA was extracted from pig fecal samples and the V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq. Intact parent PACs (dimer–pentamer) were observed in the feces on days 3 and 6 at similar high levels (∼400 mg kg−1 total) during ingestion of GSE but were absent 48 h post-feeding. The major phenolic metabolites were 4-hydroxyphenylvaleric acid and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid which increased by ∼30 and 3 mg kg−1 respectively. The GSE diet also caused an ecological shift in the microbiome, dramatically increasing Lachnospiraceae, Clostridales, Lactobacillus and Ruminococcacceae. The relationship between dietary PACs and colon health may be attributable to the altered bacterial populations or phenolic compounds in the colon.

Graphical abstract: Phenolic metabolites and substantial microbiome changes in pig feces by ingesting grape seed proanthocyanidins

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
14 Apr 2014
Accepted
09 Jun 2014
First published
28 Jul 2014

Food Funct., 2014,5, 2298-2308

Author version available

Phenolic metabolites and substantial microbiome changes in pig feces by ingesting grape seed proanthocyanidins

Y. Y. Choy, P. Quifer-Rada, D. M. Holstege, S. A. Frese, C. C. Calvert, D. A. Mills, R. M. Lamuela-Raventos and A. L. Waterhouse, Food Funct., 2014, 5, 2298 DOI: 10.1039/C4FO00325J

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements