Development of a novel solid-phase extraction element for the detection of nonylphenol in the surface water of Hangzhou

Abstract

Nonylphenol (NP) is a representative environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical and persistent toxic pollutant. Previous studies have shown that the average concentration of NP in environmental waters was approximately tens to hundreds of ng L⁻¹ and it could even reach up to tens of μg L⁻¹. A simple, fast and accurate method employing a novel solid-phase extraction element named “Magic Chemisorber” (MC) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a fluorescence detector (FLD) was used for detecting NP. The most important parameters that affect the extraction process, including extraction time, desorption time, desorption solvent and repeatability, were optimized. The MC-HPLC method showed good linearity with concentrations of NP from 10 to 200 μg L⁻¹, a correlation coefficient of 0.9995 and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method was 0.44 and 1.47 μg L⁻¹, respectively. Compared to commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) glass fiber, MC had both higher capacity and recovery and it could be used repeatedly. Using the MC-HPLC method we found that the concentration of NP in river water from Hangzhou city ranged from 8.54 ± 1.23 μg L⁻¹ (Qiantang River) to 65.77 ± 3.69 μg L⁻¹ (Tiesha River), which was similar to that of international regions heavily polluted with NP and higher than that of Bohai Bay, the Yellow River and the Pearl River Delta in China. This level of NP pollution is possibly related to the rapid development of the textile, printing and paper industries of Zhejiang province.