On-line solid phase extraction with polyurethane foam: trace level spectrophotometric determination of iron in natural waters and biological materials

Abstract

This paper reports the development of a simple and accurate on-line procedure for preconcentration and determination of dissolved iron in waters and biological materials using unloaded polyether-type polyurethane foam as solid extractor. In the developed flow injection system, the analyte was preconcentrated from acidic aqueous medium as iron–thiocyanate complex with post-elution with ascorbic acid solution and spectrophotometric measurement with 1,10-phenanthroline as colorimetric reagent. In order to improve the performance of the system several chemical and flow variables were investigated as well as the effect caused by the presence of possible interferents. The method was validated by the analysis of two certified reference materials. Application of the methodology was carried out by the determination of dissolved iron content in eight natural water samples with different characteristics. The results were compared with those obtained by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and no statistical difference was observed. The detection limit was 0.75 µg l⁻¹ and the RSD was 1.2% for 2 min preconcentration time. At this condition, a productivity of 20 samples h⁻¹ was achieved. Increasing the preconcentration time up to 3 min, a detection limit of 0.45 µg l⁻¹, an RSD of 1.5% and an analytical throughput of 15 h⁻¹ were verified.