Issue 5, 2011

Kinetically limited de-lithiation behavior of nanoscale tin-covered tin oxidenanowires

Abstract

In this paper, we report that Sn-nanocluster-covered SnO2 nanowire (“hybrid architectures”) electrodes exhibited stage-wise de-lithiation suggesting complete lithium extraction. The lithiation and de-lithiation behavior explains that the high capacity retention of 814 mAh g−1 and durability over hundred cycles is because of low irreversible capacity loss. Mono-layers of un-agglomerated, sub 60 nm size Sn clusters supported on metallic electrodes also exhibited similar stage-wise de-lithiation while the microscale Sn clusters exhibited single-phase lithium extraction. This can be attributed to shorter lithium ion diffusion lengths and high surface area of the nanomaterials. The cyclic voltammetric studies of Sn nanoclusters (sub 60 nm size) confirm the reaction kinetics limited behavior of lithiation and de-lithiation characteristics. The Sn-nanocluster-covered SnO2 nanowires showed a capacity retention of 458 mAh g−1 at 500 mAg−1 current density indicating an excellent rate capability.

Graphical abstract: Kinetically limited de-lithiation behavior of nanoscale tin-covered tin oxide nanowires

Article information

Article type
Communication
Submitted
14 Jan 2011
Accepted
12 Mar 2011
First published
08 Apr 2011

Energy Environ. Sci., 2011,4, 1695-1699

Kinetically limited de-lithiation behavior of nanoscale tin-covered tin oxide nanowires

P. Meduri, E. Clark, E. Dayalan, G. U. Sumanasekera and M. K. Sunkara, Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 1695 DOI: 10.1039/C1EE01041G

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