Carbonate formation within a nickel dimer: synthesis of a coordinatively unsaturated bis(μ-hydroxo) dinickel complex and its reactivity toward carbon dioxide

Abstract

The tridentate aminopyridine ligand bearing a bulky tert-butyl substituent at the amine nitrogen, tert-butyl-dipicolylamine (tBuDPA), occupies three coordination sites in six-coordinate complexes of nickel(II), leaving the remaining three sites available for additional ligand binding and activation. New crystallographically characterized complexes include two mononuclear species with 1:1 metal:ligand complexation: a trihydrate solvate (1·3H₂O) and a monohydrate biacetonitrile solvate (1·H₂O·2CH₃CN). Complexation in the presence of sodium hydroxide results in a bis(μ-hydroxo) complex (2), the bridging hydroxide anions of which are labile and become displaced by methoxide anions in methanol solvent, affording bis-methoxo-bridged (4). Nickel(II) centers in 2 are five-coordinate and antiferromagnetically coupled (with J = −31.4(5) cm⁻¹, Ĥ = −2JŜ₁Ŝ₂, in agreement with Ni–O–Ni angle of 103.7°). Bridging hydroxide or alkoxide anions in coordinatively unsaturated dinuclear nickel(II) complexes with tBuDPA react as active nucleophiles. 2 readily performs carbon dioxide fixation, resulting in the formation of a bis(μ-carbonato) tetrameric complex (3), which features a novel binding geometry in the form of an inverted butterfly-type nickel-carbonate core. Temperature-dependent magnetic measurements of tetranuclear carbonato-bridged 3 revealed relatively weak antiferromagnetic coupling (J₁ = −3.1(2) cm⁻¹) between the two nickel centers in the core of the cluster, as well as weak antiferromagnetic pairwise interactions (J₂ = J₃ = −4.54(5) cm⁻¹) between central and terminal nickel ions.