HPAM–HABS induced synthesis of a labyrinth-like surface of calcite via rhombohedral lattice growth from the nanoscale

Abstract

Calcite crystals with labyrinth-like surfaces are synthesized in the HPAM–HABS system via a hydrothermal method. Calcite grows in an oriented direction, and nano-amorphous CaCO₃ acts as a growth unit on the steps and kink sites. With the synergistic effect of HPAM and HABS, the labyrinth-like structure is generated during the phase transformation from nano- to micron-sized via terrace-ledge-kink growth of the rhombohedral lattice.