Fabrication and integration of quasi-one-dimensional hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

We present a novel, rational design of three-dimensional (3D) TiO₂-based photoanodes using anatase hierarchical TiO₂ nanotube arrays as the bottom layer and P25 nanoparticles as the top layer for dye-sensitized solar cells. Owing to favorable electron transport, large surface area and pronounced light harvesting, the 3D nanoarchitecture-based solar cell shows a significantly enhanced efficiency of 7.24% compared to the monolayer counterparts (~5%).