Sol–gel derived hybrid materials as heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of N,N-dimethylformamide from supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract

Hybrid materials derived from group VIII metal–chloro complexes of the type MCl₂X₂(M = Pt, Pd), MClX₃(M = Rh, Ir) and especially RuCl₂X₃[X = Ph₂P(CH₂)₂Si(OEt)₃, Me₂P(CH₂)₂Si(OEt)₃] by cocondensation with Si(OEt)₄via a sol–gel process are highly active heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of N,N-dimethylformamide (dmf) from CO₂, H₂ and dimethylamine under supercritical conditions, affording turnover numbers up to 110 800 at 100% selectivity.