Issue 20, 2016

Mass spectrometric analysis of residual clenbuterol enantiomers in swine, beef and lamb meat by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A method for determining the ratio of clenbuterol enantiomers (R/S ratio) in edible meat by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed and validated, and clenbuterol chiral determination in beef and lamb meat were first reported. The practical procedure involves acid extraction followed by one solid-phase clean-up step with weak cation-exchange resins. 2H9-(+/−)-clenbuterol was used as an internal standard. R-(−)-Clenbuterol and S-(+)-clenbuterol were completely baseline separated and detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The limit of detection (LOD) for the enantiomers of clenbuterol was 0.1 μg kg−1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.2 μg kg−1. The spiked R-(−)-clenbuterol or S-(+)-clenbuterol in the blank sample was stable and the conversion between R-(−)-clenbuterol and S-(+)-clenbuterol was not detected in the sample procedure. The R/S ratio of racemic clenbuterol spiked in the blank sample ranged between 0.92 and 1.06 at high and middle and the average value of LOQ concentration was 1.00. The R/S ratio in a total of 94 clenbuterol residues in edible meat samples collected from the market was calculated using the current method, and the R/S ratio in swine meat (5 samples) ranged from 0.65 to 0.77; the R/S ratio in beef meat (73 samples) ranged from 0.89 to 2.42; and the R/S ratio in lamb meat (16 samples) ranged from 1.45 to 2.82. This is the first time that the different R/S ratios in farm animal meat have been calculated and reported. The effects of the R/S ratio differences in food safety, bioactivity and doping control test are still unknown but is an area of future investigation. This technique can be considered as a starting point for the distribution and pharmacokinetics of clenbuterol enantiomers in livestock.

Graphical abstract: Mass spectrometric analysis of residual clenbuterol enantiomers in swine, beef and lamb meat by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
01 Mar 2016
Accepted
16 Apr 2016
First published
27 Apr 2016

Anal. Methods, 2016,8, 4127-4133

Author version available

Mass spectrometric analysis of residual clenbuterol enantiomers in swine, beef and lamb meat by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Z. L. Wang, J. L. Zhang, Y. N. Zhang and Y. Zhao, Anal. Methods, 2016, 8, 4127 DOI: 10.1039/C6AY00606J

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