Mixed hemi/ad-micelle SDS-coated magnetic Fe2−xAlxO3 (x = 0.4) nanoparticles for the capture of gatifloxacin and prulifloxacin coupled with fluorimetric determination

Abstract

A new method was developed for the isolation and preconcentration of gatifloxacin (GTFX) and prulifloxacin (PUFX) based on magnetic mixed hemimicelle solid-phase extraction (MMHSPE) using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) coated Fe_2−xAl_xO₃ (x = 0.4) MNPs as the sorbent. The Fe_2−xAl_xO₃ MNPs not only prevent dissolution of the Fe₃O₄ MNPs in acidic solutions but also extend their application without sacrificing their unique magnetic characteristics. Due to the high surface area of these new sorbents and the excellent adsorption capacity after surface modification by SDS, satisfactory preconcentration factors and extraction recoveries were produced with only 8 mg of Fe_2−xAl_xO₃ MNPs. It is important to note that the largest adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized Fe_2−xAl_xO₃ nanoparticles occurs at x = 0.4. Several parameters that affected the extraction efficiency were investigated, including the type and volume of desorption solvent, extraction and desorption time, pH of the solution, addition of NaCl and the sorbent amount. Under the optimized extraction conditions, a linear response was observed in a concentration range of 0.4 to 120 ng mL⁻¹ for GTFX and 2 to 240 ng mL⁻¹ for PUFX, and the limits of detection were 0.030 and 0.070 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. The proposed procedure was applied successfully for the detection of the investigated drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms, plasma and urine.