An accurate and transferable protocol for reproducible quantification of organic pollutants in human serum using direct isotope dilution mass spectrometry

Abstract

A robust method has been developed for easy transfer between analytical laboratories to obtain highly accurate and reproducible quantification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in micro-volumes of serum. This method is suited for analysts researching the impact of environmental exposure on human health. When performed by highly trained analysts, existing methods can produce high quality data; however, complex sample preparation steps often cannot be consistently replicated by laboratories, leading to variance in extraction recovery and quantitation. By combining stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) with direct isotope dilution (D-ID) mass spectrometry quantification, a new analytical method was developed. The D-ID quantification significantly improved accuracy, corrected sample-to-sample irreproducibility, and reduced sample preparation time. Independent production of statistically identical data then confirmed transfer of the validated operating protocol to an off-site laboratory with different instrument models. SBSE performance was compared with industry-accepted extraction techniques. D-ID quantification was compared with peer-reviewed relative isotopic response factor (RF) quantification methods. Holding other variables constant, D-ID improved accuracy by 250% and precision by 300% compared with RF; SBSE improved accuracy by 37% compared to industry-accepted extraction methods. Limits of quantification of the analytes ranged from 60 pg g⁻¹ to 1 μg g⁻¹. Protocol transfer exhibited <7% mean between-laboratory error and <2% mean within-laboratory RSD. These results indicate that a transferable method has been developed for academic, government, commercial, and clinical laboratories seeking to maximize throughput and improve quantitative validity. This validated method was applied in a recent clinical study to assess non-communicable disease in children in Pennsylvania, USA.