Raman micro-spectroscopy tracing human lymphocyte activation

Abstract

The activation of lymphocytes occurs when they are exposed to viruses or other foreign antigens. The aim of this work was to verify if Raman spectroscopy can be used to screen the activation of lymphocytes during viral infection. There are distinct peaks that reveal differences between activated and intact cells. The most important marker of the lymphocyte activation process is the prominent 521 cm⁻¹ disulfide band which marks the immunoglobulin formation. The up shift of the S–S mode from the broad band centered at 510 cm⁻¹ of human normal immunoglobulin to a single band at 521 cm⁻¹ of human B cells indicates a selection of the optimal geometry of the disulphide bridges to bind to a foreign antigen. Polarization data is used to detect the structural alteration between domain fragments. Differences in other band intensities may be due to different protein compositions in both the investigated forms. B cell activation causes the change of the intracellular cytoplasm composition due to the secretion of immunoglobulins during the fighting of the infection.