Theoretical and experimental studies on isotachophoresis in multi-moving chelation boundary system formed with metal ions and EDTA

Abstract

In this paper, a general mode and theory of moving chelation boundary based isotachophoresis (MCB-based ITP), together with the concept of decisive metal ion (DMI) having the maximum complexation constant (lg K_max) with the chelator, were developed from a multi-MCB (mMCB) system. The theoretical deductions were: (i) the reaction boundary velocities in the mMCB system at steady state were equal to each other, resulting in a novel MCB-based ITP separation of metal ions; (ii) the boundary directions and velocities in the system were controlled by the fluxes of chelator and DMI, rather than other metal ions; and (iii) a controllable stacking of metal ions could be simultaneously achieved in the developed system. To demonstrate the deductions, a series of experiments were conducted by using model chelator of EDTA and metal ions of Cu(II) and Co(II) due to characteristic colors of blue [Cu–EDTA]²⁻ and pink [Co–EDTA]²⁻ complexes. The experiments demonstrated the correctness of theoretical deductions, indicating the validity of the developed model and theory of ITP. These findings provide guidance for the development of MRB-based ITP separation and stacking of metal ions in biological sample matrix and heavy metal ions in environmental samples.