Real-time determination of glucose consumption by live cells using a lab-on-valve system with an integrated microbioreactor

Abstract

This paper describes a microquantitative method for glucose determination in situ of living cells in real-time. In this novel technique adherent cells are cultured onto microcarrier beads and packed into a renewable microcolumn within a microsequential injection lab-on-valve system (μSI-LOV). Glucose sensing is performed through the use of a two-step, NAD-linked enzymatic process. The course of the assay is monitored in real-time, by absorbance of NADH at 340 nm. The microsequential assay based on plug/nozzle design has a linear dynamic range for glucose of 0.1 to 5.6 mM. The design of the (μSI-LOV) system allows the assay to be carried out using only 40 μL of the enzyme reagent and 3 μL of sample. The technique was tested on a murine hepatocyte cell line (TABX2S) adhered to Cytopore beads. Rapid cellular glucose consumption, in this technique, is facilitated by a high cell density, which allows a large number of cells (10⁴–10⁵) to be retained in a very small volume (3 μL). In turn, this cell density results in the rapid depletion of glucose from the cell medium over short time periods (<2 min). In conjunction with the assay development, the plug/nozzle design and its ramifications on mixing in general are presented and discussed.