Addressing Interfacial Chemical Corrosion in Lithium Metal Batteries: A Ferroelectric-Dipole-Regulation Route

Abstract

Lithium (Li) metal batteries are hailed as one of the ultimate choices for next-generation high-energy-density energy storage systems. However, their commercialization has been persistently hindered by the bottlenecks of short cycle life and high safety risks. Research predominantly focuses on the electrochemical growth and suppression of Li dendrites, often overlooking the spontaneous chemical corrosion between the Li anode and electrolyte during battery assembly, resting, and storage, which can initiate catastrophic chain-reaction failures. This perspective article aims to systematically elucidate the critical role of interfacial chemical corrosion as the “initiating factor” in battery failure. We will delve into the intrinsic mechanisms of how chemical corrosion induces initial surface-tip-electric fields, triggers heterogeneous formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and ultimately leads to Li dendrite flooding and battery failure. More importantly, we propose a novel paradigm for precise interphase environment regulation based on ferroelectric dipole (FD) engineering. This involves a detailed discussion on the active regulatory effects of FDs on interfacial ion distribution, solvation structure, and SEI composition, particularly their mechanisms for enriching and activating anions. We also innovatively introduce the concept of “pre-adsorbed anion-type FDs”, offering a fresh theoretical perspective and technical pathway for the targeted design and controllable fabrication of SEI.