Bioremediation of nitrogen-rich wastewaters: microbial efficiency and environmental assessment

Abstract

This research addresses a critical challenge in environmental sustainability: the remediation of contaminated wastewater in the Estero Salado, a vital ecosystem in Guayaquil, Ecuador. An innovative treatment strategy was employed using nitrifying bacteria, activated biomass and efficient microbial consortia. The study uniquely relied on real, non-simulated effluent and sediment samples, ensuring direct applicability of results. Significant reductions in nitrogenous compounds were achieved, particularly ammonia, approaching internationally allowed environmental thresholds. Nonetheless, persistent hydrocarbons and high chemical oxygen demand remained critical limitations, requiring further complementary treatments. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of biotechnology-based strategies for sustainable water remediation. This work provides a replicable approach for restoring highly polluted aquatic systems and underscores their positive implications for vulnerable coastal communities.