Te4+ doped zero-dimensional perovskites for dual-mode thermometry in electronic devices

Abstract

Ratiometric and lifetime-technology temperature measurement are prominent techniques in the field of optical thermometry due to their advantages of visual detection and high sensitivity in temperature precision, respectively. However, the integration of both temperature measurement advantages is only effectively achievable with large-scale equipment, which restricts the application of multimode optical thermometry in everyday scenarios. Herein, the Te⁴⁺-doped halide perovskite single crystal Rb₂InCl₅·H₂O:0.5%Te⁴⁺ has been demonstrated to function as a dual-mode optical temperature sensor and has been further developed into a portable temperature measurement indicator light. The rapid decay of the Te⁴⁺ lifetime results in a high relative sensitivity (S_r) of 14.65% K⁻¹ between 300 K and 350 K. Under blue light excitation, the differing temperature-dependent behaviors of the host ions and Te⁴⁺ enable the ratio mode temperature sensor, with luminescence color transitioning from orange-red to white. Using its high sensitivity and color-changing capabilities within the temperature range of 300 K to 350 K, it is integrated into mobile power supplies to realize both precise temperature measurements of everyday electronic devices in lifetime mode and visual temperature monitoring through the color-changing temperature indicator light in ratio mode. At the same time, the synthesis of this single crystal results in enhanced temperature and humidity stability, thereby prolonging its service life. This research offers insights into the design of perovskite dual-mode optical thermometers and paves the way for portable temperature measurement.