Exploring recent advances and synthesis strategies in conductive polymers and their composites in supercapacitor systems: a comprehensive review

Abstract

The expansion of industry has led to increased environmental pollution and irreparable damage to the ecosystem. Supercapacitors (hybrid capacitors) have been introduced as renewable energy sources with high power density and energy density. Conducting polymers were introduced as pseudocapacitor electroactive materials. Conducting polymers have advantages, including high stability during alternating charge–discharge cycles, high conductivity, and corrosion resistance. Preparing conductive polymer-based composites with other electroactive materials (MOFs, TMS, C, TMO, and MXene) due to synergistic effects leads to the achievement of high-performance hybrid electrode materials. The electrochemical performance of these composites varied depending on the type of electroactive materials (MOFs, TMS, C, TMO, and MXene), the type of conductive polymer, and the synthesis method. In this study, an attempt was made to provide a basis for researchers to conduct innovative studies by reviewing the synthesis methods, supercapacitor studies conducted on various conductive polymers, and composites based on conductive polymers.