Application of layered double hydroxides as laccase mimicking nanozymes in the oxidation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines

Abstract

This study explores the innovative use of copper–manganese–iron layered double hydroxides nanozyme (CuMnFe-LDHzyme) in aerobic oxidation of N-heterocyclic compounds. The successful fabrication of CuMnFe-LDHzyme was substantiated through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was employed to ascertain the presence of the metal ion composition. Morphological alterations were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Inspired by the laccase-mediated system, herein the combination of CuMnFe-LDHzyme with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) or 4-phenyl urazole (4-PU) as a cooperative catalytic system was used for the oxidative synthesis of quinazolinones (60–95% yield) and pyridines (65–95% yield) using O₂ as ideal oxidants in acetonitrile at 50–60 °C. The CuMnFe-LDHzyme not only mimics the functionality of laccase enzymes but also enhances catalytic activity through its unique layered structure, facilitating electron transfer and increasing reaction efficiencyWe believe that synthesized CuMnFe-LDHzyme superior tolerance to variations in temperature, ionic strength, and storage conditions, as well as excellent recyclability compared to naturally occurring laccase counterparts.