TBAI-catalyzed C–H bond activation to construct the C(sp3)–O bond in water: synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic-α-esters under metal-free conditions
Abstract
An environmentally friendly and green transition-metal–free TBAI-catalyzed C–O coupling reaction mediated by C(sp3)–H activation was developed to construct indole-3-carboxylic-α-esters in water. This reaction exhibited a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Remarkably, a gram-scale reaction and late-stage functionalization of many carboxylic acid drugs were smoothly achieved under the mild conditions.

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