Molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles boost the growth of pea (Pisum sativum) by stimulating phytohormones and carbon/nitrogen fixation procedures

Abstract

Pea (Pisum sativum) is a popular legume crop, and increasing its yield through effective cultivation techniques is a central issue. Nano-fertilizers have enormous potential to improve the yield of agricultural production. Here, we investigated the effects of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (MoS₂ NPs), which act as nano-fertilizers, on the growth of peas. The results revealed that application of 100 mg L⁻¹ MoS₂ NPs significantly promoted growth and rooting, and increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. In addition, MoS₂ NPs increased the formation of nodules. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes related to plant auxin signal transduction and carbon metabolism were upregulated upon 100 mg L⁻¹ MoS₂ NPs treatment. Moreover, auxin, carbon, and nitrogen assimilation-related genes in nodules were upregulated in the MoS₂ NPs treatment groups. These results suggested that foliar application of MoS₂ NPs promoted pea growth and the accumulation of organic matter, which was able to transport abundant materials and energy to the roots. Consequently, the roots synthesize more amino acids in the nodules, supporting the growth of the aboveground parts. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of how MoS₂ NPs harmonize the carbon/nitrogen assimilation procedures in different parts of the plant. This study also offers new ideas and strategies for the application of nanotechnology to promote agricultural production, especially for yield improvement in nano-enabled agricultural fields.