Large-area close-space sublimation enables the fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit remarkable efficiency and versatility in fabrication methods. In this work, we present methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite films deposited using a large-area close-space sublimation (CSS) technique. The large-area CSS system used here enables the simultaneous conversion of multiple samples under moderate vacuum conditions (1 mbar), offering a scalable and simple alternative to other high-vacuum techniques. The perovskite films have large grains and uniformly cover the substrate. These CSS prepared films lead to solar cells with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.8%. The solar cells have extraordinary stability, and they retain 90% of their initial efficiency after operating for 1000 hours at their maximum power point at 75 °C and under 1 sun illumination. The results highlight the potential of CSS as a scalable and simple method to produce high-quality perovskite films.