Exploring the link between polymeric surface composition and emerging bisphenol release in toys and childcare products: insights from the Swiss market

Abstract

This study investigates the release of 14 bisphenols (BPs) from various toys and childcare plastic products available in the Swiss market, using artificial saliva as a simulant. A total of 162 samples were analyzed, revealing substantial differences in BP release across polymer types. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) exhibited the highest release rates, while polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PUR) showed lower BP release. Statistically significant differences among polymers emphasize the impact of polymer composition on leaching potential. These results enhance the understanding of BP exposure risks from polymeric materials in children's products, underscoring the need for targeted regulatory standards. By identifying high-risk polymers, this study provides valuable guidance for selecting safer materials to reduce BP exposure in products for children.