Enhancing PDMS-based triboelectric nanogenerator output by optimizing the microstructure and dielectric constant

Abstract

Triboelectric nanogenerators possess the capability to convert low-frequency mechanical energy into electrical energy, thereby attracting significant attention due to their reliable performance, light weight nature, and simplistic structure. These attributes render them highly promising for wearable and self-driven electronic devices. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to optimize the surface structure and fabricate micro-capacitors, thereby optimizing the output of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based triboelectric nanogenerators. By introducing conductive filler Ag nanowires (Ag NWs), the rapid formation of microcapacitive within PDMS films is facilitated. The utilization of sandpaper expedites the generation of microstructures on the PDMS surface, thereby amplifying the effective contact area. In the optimal scenario, a remarkable open-circuit voltage of 33.6 V and a short-circuit current of 4.5 μA were achieved under a mechanical force of 53.57 kPa, corresponding to an instantaneous peak power density of 162.01 mW m⁻². The system exhibited exceptional stability throughout 2500 cyclic tests and effectively charged the capacitors to power a predetermined schedule, illuminating up to 20 LEDs. Moreover, the PDMS film demonstrated excellent flexibility and the ability to detect motion in various parts of the human body (including the hands, feet, and knees), thereby harnessing mechanical energy. This research presents a viable approach to enhance the triboelectric properties of PDMS, while also enabling large-scale production, thereby facilitating the widespread application of energy harvesting and sensing technologies.