Issue 25, 2024

Downsizing and soft X-ray tomography for cellular uptake of interpenetrated metal–organic frameworks

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials with potential in biomedical applications such as sensing, drug delivery, and radiosensitization. However, how to tune the properties of the MOFs for such applications remains challenging. Herein, we synthesized two MOFs, Zr-PEB and Hf-PEB. Zr-PEB can be classified as porous interpenetrated zirconium frameworks (PIZOFs) and Hf-PEB is its analogue. We controlled their sizes while maintaining their crystal structure by employing a coordination modulation strategy. They were designed to serve as sensitizer for X-ray therapy and as potential drug carriers. Comprehensive characterizations of the MOFs' properties have been conducted, and the in vitro biological impacts have been studied. Since viability assay showed that Hf-PEB was more biocompatible compared to Zr-PEB, the cellular uptake of Hf-PEB by cells was evaluated using both fluorescence microscopy and soft X-ray tomography (SXT), and the three-dimensional structure of Hf-PEB in cells was observed. The results revealed the potential of Zr-PEB and Hf-PEB as nanomaterials for biomedical applications and demonstrated that SXT is an effective tool to assist the development of such materials.

Graphical abstract: Downsizing and soft X-ray tomography for cellular uptake of interpenetrated metal–organic frameworks

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
17 Feb 2024
Accepted
02 May 2024
First published
03 May 2024

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024,12, 6079-6090

Downsizing and soft X-ray tomography for cellular uptake of interpenetrated metal–organic frameworks

Y. Yu, Y. Liang, C. Hsieh, Z. Lin, P. Cheng, C. Cheng, S. Chen, L. Lai and K. C.-W. Wu, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 6079 DOI: 10.1039/D4TB00329B

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements