Issue 35, 2024

Achieving safe high-voltage lithium-metal batteries by tailoring electrolyte systems

Abstract

Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) with a Ni-rich high-voltage cathode enable the delivery of a high energy density. However, a persistent challenge lies in the instability of the electrode–electrolyte interface leading to shortened cycling lifespans and heightened safety concerns. Herein, based on a non-flammable solvent, we designed a weakly solvating non-flammable electrolyte system, with high ionic conductivity, in which a safe high-voltage lithium battery has been achieved. By regulating the solvating structure of the electrolyte, a stable and robust electrode–electrolyte interface at both the lithium metal anode and high-voltage cathode can be built. In the designed electrolyte, the decomposition of anions and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) as film-formers is simultaneously facilitated at the electrode surface by employing a weakly coordinated co-solvent. The anion and FEC co-derived chemical interface enriched with lithium fluoride enables a high lithium deposition–stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.06% and stable cycling of a 4.7 V LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode. The composed LMBs achieve an energy density of 692 W h kg−1 at the electrode level (based on the total mass of cathode and anode materials). The strategy reported in this work points out a promising way to develop safe and high energy density LMBs.

Graphical abstract: Achieving safe high-voltage lithium-metal batteries by tailoring electrolyte systems

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
29 Apr 2024
Accepted
09 Jul 2024
First published
23 Jul 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 23590-23600

Achieving safe high-voltage lithium-metal batteries by tailoring electrolyte systems

K. Lan, J. Cheng, X. Yang, J. Fan, M. Zheng, R. Yuan and Q. Dong, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 23590 DOI: 10.1039/D4TA02958E

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