Issue 16, 2024

Flatland materials for photochemical and electrochemical nitrogen fixation applications: from lab-door experiments to large-scale applicability

Abstract

Rational design of materials in a catalytic system is the main determinant of the efficiency of sustainable energy sources. Significant efforts have focused on the study and development of flatland two-dimensional (2D) materials (MXenes, MBenes, transition metal dichalcogenides/phosphides (TMDs/TMPs), phosphorene, graphene derivatives) towards energy-driven aspirations in consideration of their superior physiochemical properties as compared to their non-layered counterpart materials, surpassing their transport properties and conductivity. Herein, we aim to provide a detailed account of where the flatland materials currently stand to achieve the goal of sustainability in light of their photochemical and electrochemical nitrogen fixation applications. As of now, numerous challenges have limited the expansion of 2D-material derived nitrogen fixation operations for scalable applications. Therefore, we summarized techno-economic analysis and future perspectives of nitrogen fixation applications in relation to their practical ammonia applicability. We have briefly summarized the functionality of flatland materials and classified them on the basis of their photochemical and electrochemical efficiencies.

Graphical abstract: Flatland materials for photochemical and electrochemical nitrogen fixation applications: from lab-door experiments to large-scale applicability

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
28 Apr 2024
Accepted
26 Jun 2024
First published
27 Jun 2024

Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2024,8, 3476-3495

Flatland materials for photochemical and electrochemical nitrogen fixation applications: from lab-door experiments to large-scale applicability

S. A. Ali, I. Sadiq and T. Ahmad, Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2024, 8, 3476 DOI: 10.1039/D4SE00565A

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