Nanocluster catalysts for the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide

Abstract

The electroreduction of CO₂ offers a pathway to sustainable clean fuel production by closing the carbon cycle. However, a highly active catalyst is required to drive the reaction and ensure economic viability. Nanoclusters have emerged as promising candidates for CO₂ electroreduction catalysts owing to several advantages, including a high surface area, induced ensemble effect, and a strong interaction with other substances. These properties render nanoclusters highly effective in CO₂ activation and the stabilization of intermediates for selective product yield. Additionally, the support's proximity to nanocluster reaction sites significantly influences the reaction pathway, offering methods to tune product selectivity. The potential of nanoclusters in addressing the commercialization challenges of CO₂ reduction remains promising. Therefore, this work summarizes recent advances in utilizing nanoclusters as CO₂ electroreduction catalysts, highlighting their challenges, future perspectives, and promises.