Multi-period optimization of hydrogen refueling station layouts considering refueling satisfaction and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle market diffusion

Abstract

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs) are recognized as ideal green transportation alternatives. The large-scale development of Hydrogen Refueling Station (HRS) infrastructure is crucial for the extensive integration of HFCVs in the transportation sector. This study delves into the multi-period optimization of HRS layouts, considering both refueling satisfaction and the diffusion of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle market. Firstly, based on the influence of HRS construction rates on HFCV sales, a generalized Bass diffusion model for HFCVs was developed. Subsequently, the hydrogen energy transportation network for the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster in China is constructed, and based on this, a hydrogen energy transportation network flow capture model, taking into account user refueling satisfaction, was established. An improved Dijkstra algorithm was employed for solutions, and when coupled with the Bass diffusion model, a dual-layered planning model emerged. While addressing the growing fuel demands of both current and future HFCVs, this research introduces a novel approach to multi-period HRS layout planning. Findings indicate a synergistic relationship between HFCV sales and the number of HRSs, aiding the formulation of phased site selection strategies for HRS networks in alignment with HFCV market expansion patterns. Through the strategic layout optimization of HRSs, the study not only caters to the increasing fuel needs but also enhances station utilization, further promoting the market acceptance of HFCVs and ensuring the protection of investor interests.