Issue 9, 2024

In situ electrochemical regeneration of active 1,4-NADH for enzymatic lactic acid formation via concerted functions on Pt-modified TiO2/Ti

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its reduced form (NADH) are key cofactors serving as essential hydrogen acceptors and donors to facilitate energy and material conversions under mild conditions. We demonstrate direct electrochemical conversion to achieve highly efficient regeneration of enzymatically active 1,4-NADH using a Pt-modified TiO2 catalyst grown directly on a Ti mesh electrode (Pt-TOT). Spectral analyses revealed that defects formed by the inclusion of Pt species in the lattice of TiO2 play a critical role in the regeneration process. In particular, Pt-TOT containing approximately 3 atom% of Pt exhibited unprecedented efficiency in the electrochemical reduction of NAD+ at the lowest overpotential to date. This exceptional performance led to the production of active 1,4-NADH with a significantly high yield of 86 ± 3% at −0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl (−0.06 V vs. RHE) and an even higher yield of 99.5 ± 0.4% at a slightly elevated negative potential of −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl (−0.2 V vs. RHE). Furthermore, the electrochemically generated NADH was directly applied in the enzymatic conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid using lactate dehydrogenase.

Graphical abstract: In situ electrochemical regeneration of active 1,4-NADH for enzymatic lactic acid formation via concerted functions on Pt-modified TiO2/Ti

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
07 Aug 2023
Accepted
13 Dec 2023
First published
16 Jan 2024
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY license

Chem. Sci., 2024,15, 3240-3248

In situ electrochemical regeneration of active 1,4-NADH for enzymatic lactic acid formation via concerted functions on Pt-modified TiO2/Ti

N. H. A. Besisa, K. Yoon and M. Yamauchi, Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 3240 DOI: 10.1039/D3SC04104B

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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