An optimized impedance matching construction strategy: carbon nanofibers inlaid with Ni nanocrystals by electrospinning for high-performance microwave absorber

Abstract

With the widespread use of electronic goods, solving electromagnetic pollution has become one of the new challenges. Higher requirements for microwave-absorbing materials (MAM) have emerged to address this issue. The composite of carbon nanofiber (CNF) and magnetic nanoparticles is the material that effectively absorbs microwaves. This paper fabricated Ni/C nanofibers using a combination of electrospinning and high-temperature carbonization. With 50 wt% paraffin wax, Ni/C nanofibers demonstrated optimal microwave absorption capabilities. With a thickness of 3 mm, the minimum RL value can reach −30.6 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 5.96 GHz. By encapsulating Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers, the synergic interaction of dielectric and magnetic losses effectively meets the need for constant attenuation and impedance matching, and effectively improves microwave-absorbing properties. Hence, Ni/C nanofibers are promising for MAM application with excellent MA performance.