Bi-doped BaBiO3 (x = 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) perovskite oxides by a sol–gel method: comprehensive biological assessment and RhB photodegradation

Abstract

The BaBiO₃ (BBO) perovskite oxide was prepared via a sol–gel method with different concentrations of Bi nitrate and examined as a photocatalyst for RhB degradation under sunlight, and its antioxidant and antibacterial activities were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the formation of a BaBiO₃–BaCO₃ (BBO–BCO) binary composite. For the degradation of RhB under solar radiation, high photocatalytic activity (73%) was observed. According to the antibacterial activity study, the addition of Bi enhanced the antibacterial activity of the resulting material against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The Bi%–BBO (Bi 20%) inhibited 96.23% S. aureus. 10% Bi–BBO as an antioxidant agent had the most efficacious IC50 value of 2.50 mg mL⁻¹. These results seem to suggest that BBO–BCO is a promising catalytic material with potential application in the fields of catalysis and medicine.