Issue 4, 2024

Interaction of graphene and WS2 with neutrophils and mesenchymal stem cells: implications for peripheral nerve regeneration

Abstract

Graphene and bidimensional (2D) materials have been widely used in nerve conduits to boost peripheral nerve regeneration. Nevertheless, the experimental and commercial variability in graphene-based materials generates graphene forms with different structures and properties that can trigger entirely diverse biological responses from all the players involved in nerve repair. Herein, we focus on the graphene and tungsten disulfide (WS2) interaction with non-neuronal cell types involved in nerve tissue regeneration. We synthesize highly crystalline graphene and WS2 with scalable techniques such as thermal decomposition and chemical vapor deposition. The materials were able to trigger the activation of a neutrophil human model promoting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) production, particularly under basal conditions, although neutrophils were not able to degrade graphene. Of note is that pristine graphene acts as a repellent for the NET adhesion, a beneficial property for nerve conduit long-term applications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a promising strategy for nerve regeneration in combination with a conduit. Thus, the interaction of graphene with MSCs was also investigated, and reduced viability was observed only on specific graphene substrates. Overall, the results confirm the possibility of regulating the cell response by varying graphene properties and selecting the most suitable graphene forms.

Graphical abstract: Interaction of graphene and WS2 with neutrophils and mesenchymal stem cells: implications for peripheral nerve regeneration

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
29 Sep 2023
Accepted
10 Dec 2023
First published
13 Dec 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Nanoscale, 2024,16, 1792-1806

Interaction of graphene and WS2 with neutrophils and mesenchymal stem cells: implications for peripheral nerve regeneration

D. Convertino, M. Nencioni, L. Russo, N. Mishra, V. Hiltunen, M. S. Bertilacchi, L. Marchetti, C. Giacomelli, M. L. Trincavelli and C. Coletti, Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 1792 DOI: 10.1039/D3NR04927B

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