Mechanochemical synthesis of biphenyl-derived organic fluorescent materials via solvent-free and ligand-free oxidative homocoupling reactions

Abstract

The palladium-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling reactions of aryl boronic acids using a solvent-free and ligand-free ball-milling method have been reported. These reactions allow simple, fast, and efficient synthesis of a series of biphenyl-derived organic fluorescent materials in modest and good yields without the use of ligands in air. The new organic fluorescent material N-[4-(4-{phenyl[4-(triphenylvinyl)phenyl]amino}phenyl)-phenyl]-N-[4-(triphenylvinyl)phenyl]aniline (B6) shows typical aggregation-induced emission features and reversible mechanical force responsive fluorescent properties.