Issue 5, 2024

Solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers: rising-star platforms for flexible intelligent devices

Abstract

Soft ionic conductors have emerged as a powerful toolkit to engineer transparent flexible intelligent devices that go beyond their conventional counterparts. Particularly, due to their superior capacities of eliminating the evaporation, freezing and leakage issues of the liquid phase encountered with hydrogels, organohydrogels and ionogels, the emerging solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers have been largely recognized as ideal candidates for intelligent flexible devices. However, despite their extensive development, a comprehensive and timely review in this emerging field is lacking, particularly from the perspective of design principles, advanced manufacturing, and distinctive applications. Herein, we present (1) the design principles and intriguing merits of solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers; (2) the methods to manufacture solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers with preferential architectures and functions using advanced technologies such as 3D printing; (3) how to leverage solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers in exploiting advanced applications, especially in the fields of flexible wearable sensors, bioelectronics and energy harvesting; (4) what are the unsolved scientific and technical challenges and future opportunities in this multidisciplinary field. We envision that this review will provide a paradigm shift to trigger insightful thinking and innovation in the development of intelligent flexible devices and beyond.

Graphical abstract: Solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers: rising-star platforms for flexible intelligent devices

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
31 Oct 2023
Accepted
12 Dec 2023
First published
12 Dec 2023

Mater. Horiz., 2024,11, 1152-1176

Solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers: rising-star platforms for flexible intelligent devices

H. Li, C. Zhang, H. Yang, H. Liang, Z. Wang and Z. Xu, Mater. Horiz., 2024, 11, 1152 DOI: 10.1039/D3MH01812A

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