Issue 6, 2024

Heterocyclic compounds as xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the management of hyperuricemia: synthetic strategies, structure–activity relationship and molecular docking studies (2018–2024)

Abstract

Hyperuricemia is characterized by higher-than-normal levels of uric acid in the bloodstream. This condition can increase the likelihood of developing gout, a form of arthritis triggered by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. An essential part of purine metabolism is played by the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO), which transforms xanthine and hypoxanthine into uric acid. Despite its vital role, diseases such as gout have been associated with elevated uric acid levels, which are linked to increased XO activity. To manage hyperuricemia, this study focuses on potential nitrogen based heterocyclic compounds that may serve as XO inhibitors which may lower uric acid levels and prevent hyperuricemia. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are a class of medications used to treat conditions like gout by reducing the production of uric acid. The present study demonstrates numerous compounds, particularly nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds including their synthesis, structure–activity relationship, and molecular docking studies. This paper also contains drugs undergoing clinical studies and the xanthine oxidase inhibitors that have been approved by the FDA.

Graphical abstract: Heterocyclic compounds as xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the management of hyperuricemia: synthetic strategies, structure–activity relationship and molecular docking studies (2018–2024)

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
25 Jan 2024
Accepted
25 Mar 2024
First published
01 May 2024

RSC Med. Chem., 2024,15, 1849-1876

Heterocyclic compounds as xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the management of hyperuricemia: synthetic strategies, structure–activity relationship and molecular docking studies (2018–2024)

A. Singh, R. Debnath, V. Chawla and P. A. Chawla, RSC Med. Chem., 2024, 15, 1849 DOI: 10.1039/D4MD00072B

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements