The effect of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles incorporating various metallic ions (Cu, Zn, Mn, Te) on wound healing

Abstract

Recently, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) as microparticles or nanoparticles (MBGNs) aroused a great interest owing to their high textural properties and capability to be incorporated with biologically active ions desirable for different stages of wound healing. Considering therapeutic effects of two well-recognized elements (copper and zinc) as well as two less-common elements (manganese and tellurium), in this study, different concentrations of these elements were incorporated into SiO₂–CaO MBGNs and their potential for wound healing applications was assessed in vitro. While at a concentration of 5 mg ml⁻¹, the extracts of some MBGNs reduced E. coli and S. aureus bacteria viabilities, normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell viabilities were negatively affected with extracts of Cu-MBGNs and Te-MBGNs. The nanoparticles also affected hemolysis in a donor-dependent manner and the incorporation of Te into the MBGNs networks increased the hemolysis ratio to more than 5%. Moreover, some of the nanoparticles at concentration of 1 mg ml⁻¹ shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) insignificantly compared to pure platelet poor plasma. At higher concentrations of therapeutic elements, the extracts of nanoparticles resulted in the significant slower migration of NHDF cells in the scratch area. The effects of the nanoparticles and their extracts on blood coagulation and NHDF cell migration are thus dependent on the composition and/or applied concentration of nanoparticles. The present results provide information for the design of MBGN compositions of interest for wound healing and highlight the importance of optimization of the nanoparticles dosage and therapeutic ion concentration for acceleration of the wound healing process.