Issue 12, 2024

Engineering of efficient functionalization in a zirconium-hydroxyl-based metal–organic framework for an ultra-high adsorption of Pb2+ ions from an aqueous medium: an elucidated uptake mechanism

Abstract

Metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbents have been proven to possess an effective Pb2+ uptake property in recent years. However, their abilities are inadequate for industrial and real-life situations due to their ineffective adsorption capacity and lack of modified engineering. To overcome these disadvantages, a new hydroxyl-functionalized Zr-based-MOF, denoted as HCMUE-2, was successfully synthesized through the solvothermal method. The Pb2+ adsorption onto HCMUE-2 was completely observed under optimal conditions, including solution pH, MOF content, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. Consequently, the maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacity over the OH-modified HCMUE-2 is 1115.9 mg g−1 at a pH value of 5.5, which is one of the highest values compared with the previously reported MOFs. Additionally, the obtained data for Pb2+ uptake is fitted with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models, indicating that the removal of Pb2+ onto HCMUE-2 is a chemical adsorption process. Notably, HCMUE-2 can maintain the adsorption efficiency of Pb2+ by about 93% after seven consecutive cycles. Furthermore, the Pb2+ uptake mechanism is elucidated by systematically incorporated analyses. Accordingly, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis combined with differential scanning calorimetry, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Pb⊂HCMUE-2 show that the chemical bonds are formed via the electrostatic interaction and electron sharing between hydroxyl moieties within the MOF architecture and the Pb2+ species. It is noteworthy that HCMUE-2 is a potential material for removing Pb2+ from wastewater.

Graphical abstract: Engineering of efficient functionalization in a zirconium-hydroxyl-based metal–organic framework for an ultra-high adsorption of Pb2+ ions from an aqueous medium: an elucidated uptake mechanism

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
08 Apr 2024
Accepted
26 Apr 2024
First published
10 May 2024
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Mater. Adv., 2024,5, 5118-5133

Engineering of efficient functionalization in a zirconium-hydroxyl-based metal–organic framework for an ultra-high adsorption of Pb2+ ions from an aqueous medium: an elucidated uptake mechanism

H. M. N. Pham, A. V. N. Phan, A. N. T. Phan, V. P. Nguyen, K. M. V. Nguyen, H. N. Nguyen, T. M. Nguyen and M. V. Nguyen, Mater. Adv., 2024, 5, 5118 DOI: 10.1039/D4MA00369A

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