Synthesis of a new 1,2,3-triazoles scaffold using a heterogeneous multifunctional copper photocatalyst for in vitro investigation via click reaction

Abstract

In this work, a new ternary-layered double-hydroxide photocatalyst, denoted as Fe₃O₄/AlZn–Cu, was synthesized using a specific 6.5 : 3 : 7.5 : 1.5 mol mol⁻¹ ratio. The rational selection of constituents in this catalyst – Fe₃O₄ for bulk and electron richness effect, AlZn LDH for supporting the photo redox process, and copper as an active site – is thoroughly elucidated. This paper comprehensively investigates the synthesis and characterizes the properties of this magnetic ternary-layered double-hydroxide heterogeneous multifunctional photocatalyst. Several key scientific domains are explored within this study: (i) demonstrating the catalyst's efficacy in synthesizing 1,2,3-triazoles N-acetamide as an active biological candidate; (ii) synthesize a 1,2,3-triazole scaffold in a benign and ambient environment, having biologically active properties (iii) a comprehensive analysis of the catalyst's structural, optical, and electrochemical properties; and (iv) evaluating the potential of newly structured drug candidates, integrating two anti-Alzheimer heterocyclic moieties linked through click chemistry, through in vitro assessment. Employing insights from biorthogonal chemistry, this study establishes a link between two distinct active Alzheimer-targeting biological moieties via click chemistry, obviating the need for organic ligands, photosensitizers, and additives. Furthermore, the multifunctional photocatalyst proves to be cost-effective, robust, and recyclable. The stability of the Fe₃O₄/AlZn–Cu structure allows for efficient recyclability, facilitated by magnetic recovery techniques, demonstrated effectively over five cycles. Extensive analysis of the recycled catalyst is conducted, affirming its potential for sustainable applications.