ZnO monolayer-supported single atom catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

Abstract

Hydrogen is identified as one of the most promising sustainable and clean energy sources. The development of a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst with high activity is essential to meet future needs. Considering the novel advantages of two-dimensional materials and the high catalytic activity of atomic transition metals, in this study, using density functional theory calculations, the HER on a single transition metal (10 different TM atoms) adsorbed and doped ZnO monolayer (ZnO-m) has been investigated. The Volmer–Tafel reaction mechanisms and strain engineering of the three best HER catalysts are also discussed. The results show that Pt@ZnO-m, Co-doped ZnO-m and Ir-doped ZnO-m with high stability all have a smaller absolute H adsorption free energy than Pt, and the optimal value of Pt@ZnO-m is −0.017 eV. The calculation of the reaction energy barriers shows that the Volmer–Tafel step is favorable. Co@ZnO-m and Ir@ZnO-m have high HER activity, the widest pH range, and acid–alkali resistance. Pt@ZnO-m and Co-doped ZnO-m maintain excellent HER performances in the strain range of −4% to 4%.