Evaluation of digoxin-boronate ester formation through in-capillary derivatisation-large volume sample stacking-capillary zone electrophoresis

Abstract

Determination of digoxin through in-capillary derivatisation based on the formation of o-tolyl- and 2-naphthyl-anionic boronate esters in combination with large volume sample stacking-capillary electrophoresis is proposed. The derivatisation reaction was performed at basic pH values to obtain compounds with a charge and chromophore group during the stacking process. After stacking, the species were separated and detected at 225 nm using p-nitrophenol as an internal standard. Stacking and derivatisation parameters such as pre-concentration time, preconcentration voltage and injection time (relation between the analyte and the derivatisation agent) were evaluated using a Box–Behnken design. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method exhibits a linear range of 1.08–50.00 μM with a limit of detection of 0.36 μM; additionally, adequate repeatability and reproducibility was obtained (%RSD ≤ 5.0%). The methodology was validated by comparing it to an HPLC–UV established methodology and was successfully applied for the determination of digoxin in pharmaceutical tablets and blood serum samples, showing a positive performance for these matrices.