Issue 40, 2023

Highly sensitive self-powered ammonia gas detection enabled by a rationally designed PANI/commercial cellulosic paper based triboelectric nanogenerator

Abstract

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely used for self-powered gas sensors recently. However, limitations such as low sensitivity especially for trace concentrations of NH3 and narrow detection ranges inevitably pose serious challenges. Herein, a kind of highly sensitive self-powered gas sensor based on a PANI/cellulosic hierarchical structure (PC-TENG) was developed to detect NH3 gas. The hierarchical structure provides excellent gas permeability and huge numbers of gas adsorption sites. Meanwhile, the most effective structure design of the integrated self-powered NH3 sensors (PANI acts as the electrode/tribo-material) was identified by a comparison of different structure designs (PANI plays a single role of the electrode or tribo-material, or double roles of the both). Benefitting from the abundant gas adsorption sites, and the coordinate regulation of the PANI's surface tribo-state and impedance caused by protonation–deprotonation of PANI, the rationally designed PC-TENG exhibits outstanding sensing properties, with a minimum detection limit as low as 100 ppb and a maximum limit of 500 ppm, wherein the maximum output voltage and current of the PC-TENG are 23 V and 0.17 μA, respectively. And the sensitivity of the PC-TENG was up to 45.41% ppm−1 from 0.1 to 1 ppm, and 15.17% ppm−1 from 1 to 50 ppm. In particular, the sensitivity for trace concentrations of NH3 (0.1 to 50 ppm) is the highest value among reported studies. In addition, the mature processing technique of commercial nitro-cellulosic paper and its eco-friendly nature further provide the feasibility of large-scale production and application of environmentally friendly self-powered NH3 sensors.

Graphical abstract: Highly sensitive self-powered ammonia gas detection enabled by a rationally designed PANI/commercial cellulosic paper based triboelectric nanogenerator

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
19 Aug 2023
Accepted
21 Sep 2023
First published
04 Oct 2023

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023,11, 21937-21947

Highly sensitive self-powered ammonia gas detection enabled by a rationally designed PANI/commercial cellulosic paper based triboelectric nanogenerator

M. Yang, J. Liu, C. Hu, W. Zhang, J. Jiao, N. Cui and L. Gu, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 21937 DOI: 10.1039/D3TA04974D

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