A near-infrared light-activated nanoprobe for simultaneous detection of hydrogen polysulfide and sulfur dioxide in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury

Abstract

Ischemia–reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte mortality constitutes a prominent contributor to global morbidity and mortality. However, early diagnosis and preventive treatment of cardiac I/R injury remains a challenge. Given the close relationship between ferroptosis and I/R injury, monitoring their pathological processes holds promise for advancing early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Herein, we report a near-infrared (NIR) light-activated dual-responsive nanoprobe (UCNP@mSiO₂@SP-NP-NAP) for controllable detection of hydrogen polysulfide (H₂S_n) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) during ferroptosis-related myocardial I/R injury. The nanoprobe's responsive sites could be activated by NIR and Vis light modulation, reversibly alternating for at least 5 cycles. We employed the nanoprobe to monitor the fluctuation levels of H₂S_n and SO₂ in H9C2 cardiomyocytes and mice, revealing that H₂S_n and SO₂ levels were up-regulated during I/R. The NIR light-activated dual-responsive nanoprobe could be a powerful tool for myocardial I/R injury diagnosis. Moreover, we also found that inhibiting the initiation of the ferroptosis process contributed to attenuating cardiac I/R injury, which indicated great potential for treating I/R injury.