18F-Labeled brain-penetrant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for PET imaging of glioblastoma

Abstract

Significant evidence suggests that the failure of clinically tested epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. erlotinib, lapatinib, gefitinib) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients is primarily attributed to insufficient brain penetration, resulting in inadequate exposure to the targeted cells. Molecular imaging tools can facilitate GBM drug development by visualizing drug biodistribution and confirming target expression and localization. To assess brain exposure via PET molecular imaging, we synthesized fluorine-18 isotopologues of two brain-penetrant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors developed specifically for GBM. Adapting our recently reported radiofluorination of N-arylsydnones, we constructed an ortho-disubstituted [¹⁸F]fluoroarene as the key intermediate. The radiotracers were produced on an automated synthesis module in 7–8% activity yield with high molar activity. In vivo PET imaging revealed rapid brain uptake in rodents and tumor accumulation in an EGFR-driven orthotopic GBM xenograft model.