Development and demonstration of highly potent flame-retardant cotton fabric

Abstract

Recently, phosphorous-based flame-retardant (FR) material has attracted attention owing to its excellent and economic FR properties. This study is the first approach to demonstrate that FR efficiency increases with the stoichiometric ratio of phosphorus functionality. To achieve this goal, FR-1 to FR-4 composites were synthesized using guanidine and its derivative with different proportions of phosphoric acid (PA). Synthesized FR-1, FR-2, and FR-3 (guanidine and PA ratio: 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3) sustained fabric for 327, 424, and 470 s, respectively, whereas the synthesized FR-4 (guanidine derivative and PA ratio: 1 : 4) sustained fabric for 492 s on continuous flame exposure with outstanding limiting oxygen index (LOI) and char length values, i.e., 55% and 3 cm. Moreover, the blank fabric burnt completely within 14 s. Overall, it is clear demonization that FR properties increased with a stoichiometric amount of phosphorous content and helped to generate further materials for FR applications.