Processing on crystal growth, structure, thermal property, and nuclear magnetic resonance of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite type [NH3(CH2)6NH3]ZnCl4 crystal

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid compounds have recently gained significant attention in recent years due to their diverse applications. Herein, [NH₃(CH₂)₆NH₃]ZnCl₄ crystals were grown, and their triclinic structure, phase transition temperature (T_C = 408 K), and high thermal stability (T_d = 584 K) was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry measurements. By analyzing the chemical in response to temperature changes, we observed that the coordination geometry around ¹H and ¹³C were highly symmetric below T_C, whereas their symmetry was lowered above T_C. The change of N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bond from XRD results and the change of ¹⁴N NMR chemical shifts was due to the changes to the coordination geometry of Cl⁻ around Zn²⁺ in the ZnCl₄ anion. The activation energy of ¹H was three times greater than that of ¹³C, and this result indicates that the energy transfer of ¹³C was easier than those of ¹H. We compared the results for [NH₃(CH₂)_nNH₃]ZnCl₄ (n = 6) studied here with those for n = 2, 3, 4, and 5 obtained from previous studies. The characteristics of the length of CH₂ in the methylene chain are expected to be used for potential applications in the near future.