Exploring bismuth-doped polycrystalline ceramic Ba0.75Bi0.25Ni0.7Mn0.3O3: synthesis, structure, and electrical properties for advanced electronic applications

Abstract

This manuscript investigates the structural and electrical properties of a Ba_0.75Bi_0.25Ni_0.7Mn_0.3O₃ (BNMO) perovskite compound synthesized through the sol–gel method. The orthorhombic crystal structure of the sample is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrical conductivity of BNMO is found to increase with frequency, indicating the presence of local charge carriers. The AC electrical conductivity follows Jonscher's equation, exhibiting a plateau at low frequencies and a power-law behavior at high frequencies. The activation energy for conduction is determined to be 0.654 eV. Impedance spectroscopy reveals the presence of grain and grain boundary contributions, which are modeled using an R–CPE combination circuit. Analysis of the electrical modulus demonstrates non-Debye type relaxation and indicates the presence of charge carrier hopping between Mn²⁺ and Mn³⁺ ions. The activation energy obtained from the relaxation peaks of the modulus is found to be 0.674 eV. The dielectric constant exhibits high values that increase with temperature. This observation suggests that the capacitance behavior holds promising potential for energy storage applications, making it a suitable candidate for various technological uses.