Issue 31, 2023

Chitosan-coated halloysite nanotube magnetic microspheres for carcinogenic colorectal hemorrhage and liver laceration in albino rats

Abstract

Carcinogenic colorectal hemorrhage can cause severe blood loss and longitudinal ulcer, which ultimately become fatal if left untreated. The present study was aimed to formulate targeted release gemcitabine (GC)-containing magnetic microspheres (MM) of halloysite nanotubes (MHMG), chitosan (MCMG), and their combination (MHCMG). The preparation of MM by magnetism was confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), the molecular arrangement of NH2, alumina, and silica groups was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the hollow spherical nature of the proposed MM was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), functional groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermochemical modification was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In vitro thrombus formation showed a decreasing trend of hemostatic time for MMs in the order of MHMG3 < MCMG3 < MHCMG7, which was confirmed by whole blood clotting kinetics. Interestingly, rat tail amputation and liver laceration showed 3 folds increased clotting efficiency of optimized MHCMG7 compared to that of control. In vivo histopathological studies and cell viability assays confirmed the regeneration of epithelial cells. The negligible systemic toxicity of MHCMG7, more than 90% entrapment of GC and high % release in alkaline medium made the proposed MM an excellent candidate for the control of hemorrhage in colorectal cancer. Conclusively, the healing of muscularis and improved recovery of the colon from granulomas ultimately improved the therapeutic effects of GC-containing MMs. The combination of both HNT and CTS microspheres made them more targeted.

Graphical abstract: Chitosan-coated halloysite nanotube magnetic microspheres for carcinogenic colorectal hemorrhage and liver laceration in albino rats

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
10 Mar 2023
Accepted
16 Jun 2023
First published
18 Jul 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2023,13, 21521-21536

Chitosan-coated halloysite nanotube magnetic microspheres for carcinogenic colorectal hemorrhage and liver laceration in albino rats

S. Majeed, M. Qaiser, D. Shahwar, K. Mahmood, N. Ahmed, M. Hanif, G. Abbas, M. H. Shoaib, N. Ameer and M. Khalid, RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 21521 DOI: 10.1039/D3RA01581E

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