Visible light-induced oxidative α-hydroxylation of β-dicarbonyl compounds catalyzed by ethylenediamine–copper(ii)

Abstract

We have developed an efficient oxidative α-hydroxylation of β-keto esters with firstly using the structurally simple ethylenediamine–copper(II) as a catalyst for β-keto esters activation and using visible light as the driving force for generating more active singlet oxygen (¹O₂) from triplet state oxygen (³O₂) in the air, providing a series of α-hydroxy β-keto esters in excellent yields (up to 99%) under extremely low photosensitizer loading (0.01 mol%) and catalyst loading (1 mol%) within a short time. Moreover, the gram-scale synthesis showed the practical utility of this protocol.